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Monday, September 19, 2016

Trigonometric Ratios, Domains and Range

Angle:

Consider a ray. If this ray rotates about its end point O and takes the position OB, then we say the angle  has been generated.
Angle is considered as the figure obtained by rotating a given ray about its end point.

Measure of an angle is the amount of rotation from initial side to terminal side.

System of measurements of angles:

i) Sexagesimal or English System

ii) Centesimal or French System

iii) Circular System

i) Sexagesimal System: In this system right angle is divided into 90 equal parts, called degrees.

1 right angle = 90 degrees = (900)

10= 60 minutes = (601)

1’ = 60 seconds = (6011)

ii) Centismal System: In this system right angle is divided into 100 equal parts, called grades.

1 right angle = 100 degrees = (1000)

1 grade= 100 minutes = (1001)

1 minute = 100 seconds = (10011)

iii) Circular System: In this system unit of measurement is radian.

Radian: 1 radian = 1c is measure of an angle subtended at the earth of a circle by an arc of length equal to the radius of circle.

Relation:

D/90 = G/100 = 2R/π

D = number of degrees

G = Number of grades

R = number of radians

Trigonometric ratios, domains and range:
Base = OM = x

Perpendicular = NM = y

Hypotenuse = ON = r

Sin θ = perpendicular/hypotenuse = y/r = sin θ

Cos θ = base/hypotenuse = x/r = cosine θ

Tan θ = perpendicular/base = y/x = tangent θ

Cot θ = base/perpendicular = x/y = cot angent θ

Sec ant θ = hypotenuse/ base = r/x = sec θ

Cosec ant θ = hypotenuse / perpendicular = r/y = cosec θ

From above definitions:

i) Sin θ x cosec θ = 1

ii) Cos θ x sec θ = 1

iii) Tan θ x cot θ = 1

iv) Tan θ = sin θ / cosθ, cotθ = cosθ / sinθ

Domain:

Domain of a trigonometric ratio is the set of all values of angle θ for which it is meaningful and the range is the set of all values of trigonometric ratio for different values of θ for which it is meaningful.

Trignometric Ratio
Domain
Range
Sin θ
R
[-1,1]
Cos θ
R
[-1,1]
Tan θ
R – {(2n + 1)π/2; n ϵ Z}
R
Cot θ
R – {nπ; n ϵ Z}
R
Sec θ
R – {(2n + 1)π/2; n ϵ Z}
R – (-1,1)
Cosec θ
R – {nπ; n ϵ Z}
R – (-1,1)

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