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Sunday, April 9, 2017

Oxoacids of Phosphorus

Phosphorus forms a large number of oxoacids.
All these acids are based on tetrahedral four coordinated phosphorus atom containing at least one P = O unit and one P - OH group. Condensed systems are formed by P - O - P linkage or P - P linkage.
The basicity depends on the H atoms bonded to O in the form of - OH.
Some of the common oxoacids of phosphorus are as follows:

Name
Formula
Oxidation state of P
basicity
structure
preparation
Hypophosphorus acid
H3PO2
+1
1
Hypophosphorus acid
white P4 + alkali
Phosphorus acid
H3PO3
+3
2
 Phosphorus acid
P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3
Hypophosphoric acid
H4P2O6
+4
4
Hypophosphoric acid
red P4 + alkali
Orthophosphoric acid
H3PO4
+5
3
Orthophosphoric acid
P(red) + 5HNO3 → H2O + H3PO4 + 5NO2
or
P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4
Diphosphoric acid (Pyrophosphoric acid)
H4P2O7
+5
4
Diphosphoric acid
heating phosphoric acid
2H3PO4 → H4P2O7 + H2O
Metaphosphoric acid
HPO3
+5
1
Metaphosphoric acid
heating orthophosphoric acid to about 850 K
H3PO4 →HPO3 + H2O
Peroxophosphoric acid
H3PO5
+7
3
Peroxophosphoric acid
P2O5 + 2H2O2 + H2O → 2H3PO5

Oxides of phosphorous:

1. Phosphorus pentoxide:

It is a chemical compound with molecular formula P4O10 (with its common name derived from its empirical formula, P2O5).
This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid. It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent.
P4O10 is prepared by burning elemental phosphorus with sufficient supply of air:
P4 + 5 O2 → P4O10
2. Phosphorus trioxide:

It is the chemical compound with the molecular formula P4O6. Although it should properly be named tetraphosphorus hexoxide, the name phosphorus trioxide preceded the knowledge of the compound's molecular structure, and its usage continues today.
It is a colorless solid. It is formally the anhydride of phosphorous acid, H3PO3, but cannot be obtained by the dehydration of the acid. It is a white, waxy, crystalline and highly toxic solid.
It is obtained by the combustion of phosphorus in a limited supply of air at low temperature.
P4(s) + 3 O2 (g) → P4O6(s)

1 comment:

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